Mixtures and Solutions

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  • MIXTURE:  When two or more kinds of matter are physically combined (put together), and no new substances are formed. Substances maintain (keep) their physical properties (characteristics).  ​​
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  • Mixtures can be separated.  Depending on the substances, tools used to separate mixtures include:

  1. fingers or tweezers
  2. magnet
  3. spoon 
  4. strainer​​
  5. filter paper that allows water to pass through but stops the larger pieces
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  • SOLUTION:  When two or more kinds of matter are physically combined (put together), and mixed together completely evenly.
  • The substances undergo changes in their physical properties and you can’t see or tell the difference between one substance or another; it is the same throughout. There are no large pieces of one of the parts.​
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  • ​Solutions can be combinations of solids, liquids, or gases. , such as:
  1. Salty water (solid dissolved in liquid)
  2. Carbonation evenly blended in soft drinks, Soda (gas dissolved in liquid)
  3. Brass and zinc evenly blended in copper (solid dissolved in solid
  4. Air (gas dissolved in gas)
 
  • Solutions are mixtures in which one ingredient dissolves in another, and are separated through the process of evaporation.

*solute, has been dissolved in another substance, called a solvent = solution
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PHYSICAL vs CHEMICAL CHANGES

​Physical Change:  When molecules are rearranged but their internal structures are not affected. This means that there is no change involved in the substance's identity.Characteristics of a Physical Change 
     *Texture can be different 
      *Color change
      *Shape can change the substance but not its chemical composition. 
      *Change of State (solid, liquid, gas)
     *Mixing substances together
      *Combining parts i.e. nailing wood together to form a chair

Examples of a Physical Change
     *sharpening a pencil
     *a popsicle melting
     *tearing up a piece of paper
     *mixing salt and water
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  • Chemical Change:  ​The result of a new substance. The change involves the breaking or making of bonds between atoms. The atoms are rearranged and there are changes made to the chemical properties. A new substance is often formed and the process cannot usually be reversed
Characteristics of a Chemical Change   
     *change in color(i.e. leaves in the fall)
     *change in temperature
     *change in smell or taste
     *change in color
     *smoke is produced
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Examples of Chemical Changes
     *burning toast
     *frying an egg
     *mixing baking soda and vinegar
     *a nail rusting